500 volt power supply...

torsdag den 28. september 2023 kl. 22.58.46 UTC+2 skrev Klaus Kragelund:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 17:26:46 UTC+2, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:59:48 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in
903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:

On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

Since I couldn\'t find a suitable flyback transformer, and I only need
500 volts at 10 mA, a flyback/C-W multiplier makes sense.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/aquzpawfn8mfmfsnx70ra/T875_HV_6.jpg?rlkey=vfs9pexa0rgyxpo7pg1grqlb7&dl=0

Do you still need C11 R8 in that circuit?

It doesn\'t need them to work, but there is a big high-Q ring when the
fet turns off, and the RC damps it. It would reduce radiated EMI. And
it speeds up the simulation some.

Did you scope that?

All Spice now. I\'ll build it when the customer gets serious.

There is a load of capacitance hanging from the MOSFET drain in that flyback multiplier ciruit
I would expect it to damp RF oscillations but could be wrong...
HV diodes have capacitance too..

The real circuit will have a lot of inductances too, what with those
long strings of parts. It needs to be built and tested. Dremeled, to
start.

Here\'s an old auto-flyback C-W miltiplier prototype. I think that was
1400 volts. Worked fine.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/yd19osiwz1z74s4/HV_Proto_2.JPG?rsw=1
Yea,
I did a PMT supply this way:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_with_regulator_img_3175.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_componet_side_img_3180.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_regulated_power_supply_diagram_img_3182.jpg

It has been in use now for many years, sits with PMT in the cardboard tube on the right, runs on batteries:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/gamma_soectrometer_IMG_4505.JPG

Of course that is very low power, but for a bit more power, and using a real TV muliplier:
https://panteltje.nl/panteltje/pic/sc_pic/

No dremeling, boards are OK when they work..

And old TV circuits.. if you want a few kV there was / is? plenty stuff to be found on ebay.
For my case, I am working on a 5W 24V to 4.5kV converter. Right now looking to use a flyback topology, with possibly usage of
CCFL transformer bobbins.

I am thinking about staggering the windings on 2 transformers, so the voltage across the windings will be lower, but still the
individual transformer needs to handle 4.5kV insulation (functional, not safety)

Due to the limiting power, it could also be tempting to use the capacitive doublers as listed elsewhere in the thread

My worry goes beyond the design, also about corona effects, which comes into play at +kV voltages. Potting is surely needed.

For a HV transformer, old TV transformers (from the CRT times) may perhaps be an option:
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&q=ebay+horizonatl+TV+output+transformer
4.5 kV diodes were used for focus in color TV sets...


For a flyback, my rule of thumb (I do not use El Tea Spice), is 1 V per turn for DC input.
So 24 turns primary for 24 V DC supply.
The flyback voltage is (70/12) * 24 = 140V positive pulse if positive DC supply.
To get a 4.5 kV pulse you would then wind 4500 / 140 is about 32, multiplied by 24 makes 768 turns.
This for an EI core running at about 15 kHz (math comes from building TV output stages).
768 turns is not a big deal..
Spreading the turns over a segmented coil former is a good idea.
If you want to use a voltage multiplier then less turns are needed, use a TV multiplier, those are \'potted\'
The 70/12 factor depends on the PWM on/off ratio of the drive you feed into the switch transistor.
I use Microchip PICs for that, it has a PWM unit., hardware comparators that can directly stop the PWM drive
for cycle by cycle current limiting, and ADCs to measure voltage and currents.
Maybe an old TV horizontal output transformer with build in rectifier / multiplier would do.
https://www.ebay.com/b/flyback-transformer/bn_7024744628
to adapt use 15 kHz and add 24 turns to the core primary?
...
:)

Maybe like this?
https://www.ebay.com/p/1692562663?iid=374326473542
plenty space for 24 turns thick wire, its a 30 kV DC out, so use less PWM ... or more primary turns
or whatever you can find... on ebay.

High turns ratios can have two problems: voltage breakdown in the
insulation, and winding capacitance limiting the flyback ratio. That\'s
where a C-W diode multiplier helps.
I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier

Old TV flybacks were pie wound to help with both problems. That makes
a hand-wound transformer yet nastier; Sloman would love to (have
someone else) wind that.
Pie wound, so that\'s adding on layers instead of across the bobbin?

There are some cool old parts from CRT TVs but we wouldn\'t use Ebay
parts for production. Even ISDN transformers are hard to get these
days. And most of our boards have a component height limit below about
1\".
I agree, Ebay does not work for production items :)

I\'ve gravitated to the classic C-W layout with all series strings of
caps. That\'s driven by the poorly-or-never defined C/V behavior of
available ceramic caps, which encourages their use at a small fraction
of rated voltage.
In any case for the C-W multiplier to work properly, the charging of the caps needs to be kept low.

There are lots of cute flyback controller chips that do peak current
limiting control.

I am using a microcontroller. Microcontroller and kV design does not sound good, right?
I don\'t know how much voltage we dare generate on a regular PCB
without coating or potting. I\'m guessing that 1KV is safe and I know
that 7KV isn\'t.
Potting or conformal coating is probably needed to avoid carbonization of PCB surface.

how about something crazy, a car ignition coil? ratio about 1:100, isolation good for +20kV
coil-on-plug can be pretty small, if you need access to both ends of the secondary a dual output coil for wasted spark has that
 
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 13:58:40 -0700 (PDT), Klaus Kragelund
<klaus.kragelund@gmail.com> wrote:

On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 17:26:46 UTC+2, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:59:48 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in
903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:

On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

Since I couldn\'t find a suitable flyback transformer, and I only need
500 volts at 10 mA, a flyback/C-W multiplier makes sense.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/aquzpawfn8mfmfsnx70ra/T875_HV_6.jpg?rlkey=vfs9pexa0rgyxpo7pg1grqlb7&dl=0

Do you still need C11 R8 in that circuit?

It doesn\'t need them to work, but there is a big high-Q ring when the
fet turns off, and the RC damps it. It would reduce radiated EMI. And
it speeds up the simulation some.

Did you scope that?

All Spice now. I\'ll build it when the customer gets serious.

There is a load of capacitance hanging from the MOSFET drain in that flyback multiplier ciruit
I would expect it to damp RF oscillations but could be wrong...
HV diodes have capacitance too..

The real circuit will have a lot of inductances too, what with those
long strings of parts. It needs to be built and tested. Dremeled, to
start.

Here\'s an old auto-flyback C-W miltiplier prototype. I think that was
1400 volts. Worked fine.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/yd19osiwz1z74s4/HV_Proto_2.JPG?rsw=1
Yea,
I did a PMT supply this way:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_with_regulator_img_3175.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_componet_side_img_3180.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_regulated_power_supply_diagram_img_3182.jpg

It has been in use now for many years, sits with PMT in the cardboard tube on the right, runs on batteries:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/gamma_soectrometer_IMG_4505.JPG

Of course that is very low power, but for a bit more power, and using a real TV muliplier:
https://panteltje.nl/panteltje/pic/sc_pic/

No dremeling, boards are OK when they work..

And old TV circuits.. if you want a few kV there was / is? plenty stuff to be found on ebay.
For my case, I am working on a 5W 24V to 4.5kV converter. Right now looking to use a flyback topology, with possibly usage of
CCFL transformer bobbins.

I am thinking about staggering the windings on 2 transformers, so the voltage across the windings will be lower, but still the
individual transformer needs to handle 4.5kV insulation (functional, not safety)

Due to the limiting power, it could also be tempting to use the capacitive doublers as listed elsewhere in the thread

My worry goes beyond the design, also about corona effects, which comes into play at +kV voltages. Potting is surely needed.

For a HV transformer, old TV transformers (from the CRT times) may perhaps be an option:
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&q=ebay+horizonatl+TV+output+transformer
4.5 kV diodes were used for focus in color TV sets...


For a flyback, my rule of thumb (I do not use El Tea Spice), is 1 V per turn for DC input.
So 24 turns primary for 24 V DC supply.
The flyback voltage is (70/12) * 24 = 140V positive pulse if positive DC supply.
To get a 4.5 kV pulse you would then wind 4500 / 140 is about 32, multiplied by 24 makes 768 turns.
This for an EI core running at about 15 kHz (math comes from building TV output stages).
768 turns is not a big deal..
Spreading the turns over a segmented coil former is a good idea.
If you want to use a voltage multiplier then less turns are needed, use a TV multiplier, those are \'potted\'
The 70/12 factor depends on the PWM on/off ratio of the drive you feed into the switch transistor.
I use Microchip PICs for that, it has a PWM unit., hardware comparators that can directly stop the PWM drive
for cycle by cycle current limiting, and ADCs to measure voltage and currents.
Maybe an old TV horizontal output transformer with build in rectifier / multiplier would do.
https://www.ebay.com/b/flyback-transformer/bn_7024744628
to adapt use 15 kHz and add 24 turns to the core primary?
...
:)

Maybe like this?
https://www.ebay.com/p/1692562663?iid=374326473542
plenty space for 24 turns thick wire, its a 30 kV DC out, so use less PWM ... or more primary turns
or whatever you can find... on ebay.

High turns ratios can have two problems: voltage breakdown in the
insulation, and winding capacitance limiting the flyback ratio. That\'s
where a C-W diode multiplier helps.

I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier

No, the C-W multiplier isn\'t good for pulsing. Ixys has a 4700 volt
mosfet. A C-W multiplier could make the HV.

Maybe use a Marx generator? With medium-high voltage mos or SiC fets?

Some of the Zetex app notes, for their avalanche transistors, use a
Marx-type circuit. Charge the caps in parallel and discharge them in
series. You only have to trigger one in the string.

What sort of speed and current do you need?






Old TV flybacks were pie wound to help with both problems. That makes
a hand-wound transformer yet nastier; Sloman would love to (have
someone else) wind that.

Pie wound, so that\'s adding on layers instead of across the bobbin?

I meant parallel slabs of winding with air gaps or a coil form
between.

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fm.media-amazon.com%2Fimages%2FI%2F61zP4fPrCyL._AC_UF1000%2C1000_QL80_.jpg&tbnid=RpaiD1aRcajCoM&vet=12ahUKEwjC19et3s6BAxX7MEQIHRMLAjAQMygCegQIARBT..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2F15KV-High-Voltage-Transformer-Electronic%2Fdp%2FB073VP18C8&docid=7qz4vnbf86eSaM&w=929&h=1000&q=pie%20wound%20high%20voltage%20transformer&ved=2ahUKEwjC19et3s6BAxX7MEQIHRMLAjAQMygCegQIARBT




There are some cool old parts from CRT TVs but we wouldn\'t use Ebay
parts for production. Even ISDN transformers are hard to get these
days. And most of our boards have a component height limit below about
1\".

I agree, Ebay does not work for production items :)

I\'ve gravitated to the classic C-W layout with all series strings of
caps. That\'s driven by the poorly-or-never defined C/V behavior of
available ceramic caps, which encourages their use at a small fraction
of rated voltage.

In any case for the C-W multiplier to work properly, the charging of the caps needs to be kept low.

There are lots of cute flyback controller chips that do peak current
limiting control.

I am using a microcontroller. Microcontroller and kV design does not sound good, right?

I don\'t know how much voltage we dare generate on a regular PCB
without coating or potting. I\'m guessing that 1KV is safe and I know
that 7KV isn\'t.

Potting or conformal coating is probably needed to avoid carbonization of PCB surface.
 
On a sunny day (Thu, 28 Sep 2023 13:49:46 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.kragelund@gmail.com> wrote in
<a643aafc-1197-4cbe-bee8-c56418ce15bbn@googlegroups.com>:

On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 16:59:57 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in
903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:
On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

Since I couldn\'t find a suitable flyback transformer, and I only need
500 volts at 10 mA, a flyback/C-W multiplier makes sense.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/aquzpawfn8mfmfsnx70ra/T875_HV_6.jpg?rlkey=vfs9pexa0rgyxpo7pg1grqlb7&dl=0

Do you still need C11 R8 in that circuit?

It doesn\'t need them to work, but there is a big high-Q ring when the
fet turns off, and the RC damps it. It would reduce radiated EMI. And
it speeds up the simulation some.

Did you scope that?

All Spice now. I\'ll build it when the customer gets serious.

There is a load of capacitance hanging from the MOSFET drain in that flyback multiplier ciruit
I would expect it to damp RF oscillations but could be wrong...
HV diodes have capacitance too..

The real circuit will have a lot of inductances too, what with those
long strings of parts. It needs to be built and tested. Dremeled, to
start.

Here\'s an old auto-flyback C-W miltiplier prototype. I think that was
1400 volts. Worked fine.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/yd19osiwz1z74s4/HV_Proto_2.JPG?rsw=1
Yea,
I did a PMT supply this way:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_with_regulator_img_3175.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_componet_side_img_3180.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_regulated_power_supply_diagram_img_3182.jpg

It has been in use now for many years, sits with PMT in the cardboard tube on the right, runs on batteries:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/gamma_soectrometer_IMG_4505.JPG

Of course that is very low power, but for a bit more power, and using a real TV muliplier:
https://panteltje.nl/panteltje/pic/sc_pic/

No dremeling, boards are OK when they work..

And old TV circuits.. if you want a few kV there was / is? plenty stuff to be found on ebay.
For my case, I am working on a 5W 24V to 4.5kV converter. Right now looking to use a flyback topology, with possibly usage of

CCFL transformer bobbins.

I am thinking about staggering the windings on 2 transformers, so the voltage across the windings will be lower, but still
the
individual transformer needs to handle 4.5kV insulation (functional, not safety)

Due to the limiting power, it could also be tempting to use the capacitive doublers as listed elsewhere in the thread

My worry goes beyond the design, also about corona effects, which comes into play at +kV voltages. Potting is surely needed.
For a HV transformer, old TV transformers (from the CRT times) may perhaps be an option:
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&q=ebay+horizonatl+TV+output+transformer
4.5 kV diodes were used for focus in color TV sets...


For a flyback, my rule of thumb (I do not use El Tea Spice), is 1 V per turn for DC input.
So 24 turns primary for 24 V DC supply.
The flyback voltage is (70/12) * 24 = 140V positive pulse if positive DC supply.
To get a 4.5 kV pulse you would then wind 4500 / 140 is about 32, multiplied by 24 makes 768 turns.
This for an EI core running at about 15 kHz (math comes from building TV output stages).
768 turns is not a big deal..
Yeah, 768 is not bad at all. A couple of months ago I did a E13 with 200 turns, no problem at all.

Spreading the turns over a segmented coil former is a good idea.
Yes, that would handle the issue with large voltage differences on the secondary coil, and isolation to the primary

If you want to use a voltage multiplier then less turns are needed, use a TV multiplier, those are \'potted\'
The 70/12 factor depends on the PWM on/off ratio of the drive you feed into the switch transistor.
Yeah, so that\'s a compromise between the voltage on the primary FET during energy delivery and optimum duty-cyle.

I use Microchip PICs for that, it has a PWM unit., hardware comparators that can directly stop the PWM drive
for cycle by cycle current limiting, and ADCs to measure voltage and currents.
I use STM32s :)

Maybe an old TV horizontal output transformer with build in rectifier / multiplier would do.
https://www.ebay.com/b/flyback-transformer/bn_7024744628
to adapt use 15 kHz and add 24 turns to the core primary?
...
:)

Maybe like this?
https://www.ebay.com/p/1692562663?iid=374326473542
plenty space for 24 turns thick wire, its a 30 kV DC out, so use less PWM ... or more primary turns
or whatever you can find... on ebay.
Would be interesting to see the internal construction of that one

If you go that way, a horizontal output transformer for a color TV will do about 4.5 mA DC at 25 kV so 100 W
a BW TV 10 kV maybe 1 mA so about 10 W
Better find a BW one for your application, some have build in rectifier, some not.
The reason for about 1 V per turn goes all the way back to when they used HV rectifier tubes with 1.4 V heater voltage
on single turn around the HV transformer core.
https://www.radiomuseum.org/tubes/tube_dy87.html

Here a cheaper one:
https://www.ebay.com/p/2117756772?iid=255799552189
very old!!
Data in this pdf
http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/components/philips/_dataBooks/1987_C20_Philips_Wirewound_Components_for_TV_and_Monitors.pdf
see page 15, it is an 11 kV version

Old days!
 
On Friday, September 29, 2023 at 4:55:18 AM UTC+10, John Larkin wrote:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 17:24:13 -0700 (PDT), whit3rd <whi...@gmail.com
wrote:
On Wednesday, September 27, 2023 at 3:57:50?PM UTC-7, John Larkin wrote:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT), Klaus Kragelund
klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote:
Potting is ugly.

Yeah, but it\'s compact and not messy.

It is very slow and expensive and messy. Buying the goo and a shell or mold, mixing, degassing, pouring, curing, cleanup, and then you have a thing that you can\'t probe or rework.

But you should need to probe it it or rework it, if you design it tight in the first place
Globbing or coating is also a pain, but not as big a pain.

Expensive labor-intensive processes like potting and transformer winding and exotic PCB fab seem to appeal to some people for some strange reason.

They can produce better performance at a lower price, which does appeal to a lot of people for a fairly obvious reason. Poseurs don\'t like taking the trouble to get stuff right.

--
Bill Sloman, Sydney
 
On Friday, September 29, 2023 at 6:58:46 AM UTC+10, Klaus Kragelund wrote:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 17:26:46 UTC+2, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:59:48 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in
903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:

On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor..com
wrote:

<snip>

High turns ratios can have two problems: voltage breakdown in the insulation, and winding capacitance limiting the flyback ratio. That\'s where a C-W diode multiplier helps.

I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier.

I once need a 20kV pulse to start a xenon arc lamp, which drew 20A at about 20V after the arc got established.

I got it by winding 20 turns of well insulated 20A wire around a gapped pair of big U-cores and hit it with with a high current 2kV impulse from a spark gap.

The impulse must have saturated the core but it still rang up to 20kV on the stray capacitances - the impulse must have been dissipating in the winding resistance and core losses as ot rang up but it got high enough to start the lamp. I wish I\'d been clever enough to realise that it was going to work, but in reality I\'d bunged it together as a desperation move and only realised that I saturated the U-core after it had worked.

Old TV flybacks were pie wound to help with both problems. That makes
a hand-wound transformer yet nastier; Sloman would love to (have
someone else) wind that.

Pie wound, so that\'s adding on layers instead of across the bobbin?

No. I call it bank winding. You break up the secondary into a series of flat sections, then stack the sections. You could do it without a former if you wound them separately with self-bonding wire then bonded each coil before you stacked them. Sort of messy, but gets the result.

--
Bill Sloman, Sydney
 
On Thursday, September 28, 2023 at 7:09:27 PM UTC-7, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 13:58:40 -0700 (PDT), Klaus Kragelund
klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote:

I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier
No, the C-W multiplier isn\'t good for pulsing. Ixys has a 4700 volt
mosfet. A C-W multiplier could make the HV.

Maybe use a Marx generator? With medium-high voltage mos or SiC fets?

Not usually a great idea; at HV, the best switch is photo-SCR.
It takes a while to turn off, which limits your pulse rate somewhat.
Turn-ON and HV tolerance is spectacularly good, though.
Triggered spark gaps (krytron, anyone?) work a treat, too.
 
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 23:09:44 UTC+2, Lasse Langwadt Christensen wrote:
torsdag den 28. september 2023 kl. 22.58.46 UTC+2 skrev Klaus Kragelund:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 17:26:46 UTC+2, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:59:48 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in
903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:

On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

Since I couldn\'t find a suitable flyback transformer, and I only need
500 volts at 10 mA, a flyback/C-W multiplier makes sense.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/aquzpawfn8mfmfsnx70ra/T875_HV_6.jpg?rlkey=vfs9pexa0rgyxpo7pg1grqlb7&dl=0

Do you still need C11 R8 in that circuit?

It doesn\'t need them to work, but there is a big high-Q ring when the
fet turns off, and the RC damps it. It would reduce radiated EMI. And
it speeds up the simulation some.

Did you scope that?

All Spice now. I\'ll build it when the customer gets serious.

There is a load of capacitance hanging from the MOSFET drain in that flyback multiplier ciruit
I would expect it to damp RF oscillations but could be wrong...
HV diodes have capacitance too..

The real circuit will have a lot of inductances too, what with those
long strings of parts. It needs to be built and tested. Dremeled, to
start.

Here\'s an old auto-flyback C-W miltiplier prototype. I think that was
1400 volts. Worked fine.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/yd19osiwz1z74s4/HV_Proto_2.JPG?rsw=1
Yea,
I did a PMT supply this way:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_with_regulator_img_3175.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_componet_side_img_3180.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_regulated_power_supply_diagram_img_3182.jpg

It has been in use now for many years, sits with PMT in the cardboard tube on the right, runs on batteries:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/gamma_soectrometer_IMG_4505.JPG

Of course that is very low power, but for a bit more power, and using a real TV muliplier:
https://panteltje.nl/panteltje/pic/sc_pic/

No dremeling, boards are OK when they work..

And old TV circuits.. if you want a few kV there was / is? plenty stuff to be found on ebay.
For my case, I am working on a 5W 24V to 4.5kV converter. Right now looking to use a flyback topology, with possibly usage of
CCFL transformer bobbins.

I am thinking about staggering the windings on 2 transformers, so the voltage across the windings will be lower, but still the
individual transformer needs to handle 4.5kV insulation (functional, not safety)

Due to the limiting power, it could also be tempting to use the capacitive doublers as listed elsewhere in the thread

My worry goes beyond the design, also about corona effects, which comes into play at +kV voltages. Potting is surely needed.

For a HV transformer, old TV transformers (from the CRT times) may perhaps be an option:
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&q=ebay+horizonatl+TV+output+transformer
4.5 kV diodes were used for focus in color TV sets...


For a flyback, my rule of thumb (I do not use El Tea Spice), is 1 V per turn for DC input.
So 24 turns primary for 24 V DC supply.
The flyback voltage is (70/12) * 24 = 140V positive pulse if positive DC supply.
To get a 4.5 kV pulse you would then wind 4500 / 140 is about 32, multiplied by 24 makes 768 turns.
This for an EI core running at about 15 kHz (math comes from building TV output stages).
768 turns is not a big deal..
Spreading the turns over a segmented coil former is a good idea.
If you want to use a voltage multiplier then less turns are needed, use a TV multiplier, those are \'potted\'
The 70/12 factor depends on the PWM on/off ratio of the drive you feed into the switch transistor.
I use Microchip PICs for that, it has a PWM unit., hardware comparators that can directly stop the PWM drive
for cycle by cycle current limiting, and ADCs to measure voltage and currents.
Maybe an old TV horizontal output transformer with build in rectifier / multiplier would do.
https://www.ebay.com/b/flyback-transformer/bn_7024744628
to adapt use 15 kHz and add 24 turns to the core primary?
...
:)

Maybe like this?
https://www.ebay.com/p/1692562663?iid=374326473542
plenty space for 24 turns thick wire, its a 30 kV DC out, so use less PWM ... or more primary turns
or whatever you can find... on ebay.

High turns ratios can have two problems: voltage breakdown in the
insulation, and winding capacitance limiting the flyback ratio. That\'s
where a C-W diode multiplier helps.
I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier

Old TV flybacks were pie wound to help with both problems. That makes
a hand-wound transformer yet nastier; Sloman would love to (have
someone else) wind that.
Pie wound, so that\'s adding on layers instead of across the bobbin?

There are some cool old parts from CRT TVs but we wouldn\'t use Ebay
parts for production. Even ISDN transformers are hard to get these
days. And most of our boards have a component height limit below about
1\".
I agree, Ebay does not work for production items :)

I\'ve gravitated to the classic C-W layout with all series strings of
caps. That\'s driven by the poorly-or-never defined C/V behavior of
available ceramic caps, which encourages their use at a small fraction
of rated voltage.
In any case for the C-W multiplier to work properly, the charging of the caps needs to be kept low.

There are lots of cute flyback controller chips that do peak current
limiting control.

I am using a microcontroller. Microcontroller and kV design does not sound good, right?
I don\'t know how much voltage we dare generate on a regular PCB
without coating or potting. I\'m guessing that 1KV is safe and I know
that 7KV isn\'t.
Potting or conformal coating is probably needed to avoid carbonization of PCB surface.
how about something crazy, a car ignition coil? ratio about 1:100, isolation good for +20kV
coil-on-plug can be pretty small, if you need access to both ends of the secondary a dual output coil for wasted spark has that
These are used for old style flash:

https://www.aliexpress.us/item/32521417603.html?gatewayAdapt=4itemAdapt
 
On Fri, 29 Sep 2023 06:41:04 -0700 (PDT), Klaus Kragelund
<klaus.kragelund@gmail.com> wrote:

On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 23:09:44 UTC+2, Lasse Langwadt Christensen wrote:
torsdag den 28. september 2023 kl. 22.58.46 UTC+2 skrev Klaus Kragelund:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 17:26:46 UTC+2, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:59:48 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in
903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:

On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

Since I couldn\'t find a suitable flyback transformer, and I only need
500 volts at 10 mA, a flyback/C-W multiplier makes sense.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/aquzpawfn8mfmfsnx70ra/T875_HV_6.jpg?rlkey=vfs9pexa0rgyxpo7pg1grqlb7&dl=0

Do you still need C11 R8 in that circuit?

It doesn\'t need them to work, but there is a big high-Q ring when the
fet turns off, and the RC damps it. It would reduce radiated EMI. And
it speeds up the simulation some.

Did you scope that?

All Spice now. I\'ll build it when the customer gets serious.

There is a load of capacitance hanging from the MOSFET drain in that flyback multiplier ciruit
I would expect it to damp RF oscillations but could be wrong...
HV diodes have capacitance too..

The real circuit will have a lot of inductances too, what with those
long strings of parts. It needs to be built and tested. Dremeled, to
start.

Here\'s an old auto-flyback C-W miltiplier prototype. I think that was
1400 volts. Worked fine.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/yd19osiwz1z74s4/HV_Proto_2.JPG?rsw=1
Yea,
I did a PMT supply this way:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_with_regulator_img_3175.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_componet_side_img_3180.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_regulated_power_supply_diagram_img_3182.jpg

It has been in use now for many years, sits with PMT in the cardboard tube on the right, runs on batteries:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/gamma_soectrometer_IMG_4505.JPG

Of course that is very low power, but for a bit more power, and using a real TV muliplier:
https://panteltje.nl/panteltje/pic/sc_pic/

No dremeling, boards are OK when they work..

And old TV circuits.. if you want a few kV there was / is? plenty stuff to be found on ebay.
For my case, I am working on a 5W 24V to 4.5kV converter. Right now looking to use a flyback topology, with possibly usage of
CCFL transformer bobbins.

I am thinking about staggering the windings on 2 transformers, so the voltage across the windings will be lower, but still the
individual transformer needs to handle 4.5kV insulation (functional, not safety)

Due to the limiting power, it could also be tempting to use the capacitive doublers as listed elsewhere in the thread

My worry goes beyond the design, also about corona effects, which comes into play at +kV voltages. Potting is surely needed.

For a HV transformer, old TV transformers (from the CRT times) may perhaps be an option:
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&q=ebay+horizonatl+TV+output+transformer
4.5 kV diodes were used for focus in color TV sets...


For a flyback, my rule of thumb (I do not use El Tea Spice), is 1 V per turn for DC input.
So 24 turns primary for 24 V DC supply.
The flyback voltage is (70/12) * 24 = 140V positive pulse if positive DC supply.
To get a 4.5 kV pulse you would then wind 4500 / 140 is about 32, multiplied by 24 makes 768 turns.
This for an EI core running at about 15 kHz (math comes from building TV output stages).
768 turns is not a big deal..
Spreading the turns over a segmented coil former is a good idea.
If you want to use a voltage multiplier then less turns are needed, use a TV multiplier, those are \'potted\'
The 70/12 factor depends on the PWM on/off ratio of the drive you feed into the switch transistor.
I use Microchip PICs for that, it has a PWM unit., hardware comparators that can directly stop the PWM drive
for cycle by cycle current limiting, and ADCs to measure voltage and currents.
Maybe an old TV horizontal output transformer with build in rectifier / multiplier would do.
https://www.ebay.com/b/flyback-transformer/bn_7024744628
to adapt use 15 kHz and add 24 turns to the core primary?
...
:)

Maybe like this?
https://www.ebay.com/p/1692562663?iid=374326473542
plenty space for 24 turns thick wire, its a 30 kV DC out, so use less PWM ... or more primary turns
or whatever you can find... on ebay.

High turns ratios can have two problems: voltage breakdown in the
insulation, and winding capacitance limiting the flyback ratio. That\'s
where a C-W diode multiplier helps.
I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier

Old TV flybacks were pie wound to help with both problems. That makes
a hand-wound transformer yet nastier; Sloman would love to (have
someone else) wind that.
Pie wound, so that\'s adding on layers instead of across the bobbin?

There are some cool old parts from CRT TVs but we wouldn\'t use Ebay
parts for production. Even ISDN transformers are hard to get these
days. And most of our boards have a component height limit below about
1\".
I agree, Ebay does not work for production items :)

I\'ve gravitated to the classic C-W layout with all series strings of
caps. That\'s driven by the poorly-or-never defined C/V behavior of
available ceramic caps, which encourages their use at a small fraction
of rated voltage.
In any case for the C-W multiplier to work properly, the charging of the caps needs to be kept low.

There are lots of cute flyback controller chips that do peak current
limiting control.

I am using a microcontroller. Microcontroller and kV design does not sound good, right?
I don\'t know how much voltage we dare generate on a regular PCB
without coating or potting. I\'m guessing that 1KV is safe and I know
that 7KV isn\'t.
Potting or conformal coating is probably needed to avoid carbonization of PCB surface.
how about something crazy, a car ignition coil? ratio about 1:100, isolation good for +20kV
coil-on-plug can be pretty small, if you need access to both ends of the secondary a dual output coil for wasted spark has that
These are used for old style flash:

https://www.aliexpress.us/item/32521417603.html?gatewayAdapt=4itemAdapt

Amazon and ebay have zillions of similar HV and trigger transformers.
Some generate 1000KV!
 
On Saturday, September 30, 2023 at 1:04:58 AM UTC+10, John Larkin wrote:
On Fri, 29 Sep 2023 06:41:04 -0700 (PDT), Klaus Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 23:09:44 UTC+2, Lasse Langwadt Christensen wrote:
torsdag den 28. september 2023 kl. 22.58.46 UTC+2 skrev Klaus Kragelund:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 17:26:46 UTC+2, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:59:48 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid> wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in <903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:
On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid> wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid> wrote:
On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:
On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com> wrote:

<snip>

https://www.aliexpress.us/item/32521417603.html?gatewayAdapt=4itemAdapt
Amazon and ebay have zillions of similar HV and trigger transformers.
Some generate 1000KV!

Or claim to. Somebody decided to \"improve\" my xenon lamp power supply with a more \"professional\" 20kV source which contrived to blown up the power supply that delivered the 20A constant current through the arc after it had struck. Or at least the power transistors involved.

You do have to know what you are doing.

--
Bill Sloman, Sydney
 
fredag den 29. september 2023 kl. 15.41.10 UTC+2 skrev Klaus Kragelund:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 23:09:44 UTC+2, Lasse Langwadt Christensen wrote:
torsdag den 28. september 2023 kl. 22.58.46 UTC+2 skrev Klaus Kragelund:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 17:26:46 UTC+2, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:59:48 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in
903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:

On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

Since I couldn\'t find a suitable flyback transformer, and I only need
500 volts at 10 mA, a flyback/C-W multiplier makes sense.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/aquzpawfn8mfmfsnx70ra/T875_HV_6.jpg?rlkey=vfs9pexa0rgyxpo7pg1grqlb7&dl=0

Do you still need C11 R8 in that circuit?

It doesn\'t need them to work, but there is a big high-Q ring when the
fet turns off, and the RC damps it. It would reduce radiated EMI. And
it speeds up the simulation some.

Did you scope that?

All Spice now. I\'ll build it when the customer gets serious.

There is a load of capacitance hanging from the MOSFET drain in that flyback multiplier ciruit
I would expect it to damp RF oscillations but could be wrong...
HV diodes have capacitance too..

The real circuit will have a lot of inductances too, what with those
long strings of parts. It needs to be built and tested. Dremeled, to
start.

Here\'s an old auto-flyback C-W miltiplier prototype. I think that was
1400 volts. Worked fine.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/yd19osiwz1z74s4/HV_Proto_2.JPG?rsw=1
Yea,
I did a PMT supply this way:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_with_regulator_img_3175.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_componet_side_img_3180.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_regulated_power_supply_diagram_img_3182.jpg

It has been in use now for many years, sits with PMT in the cardboard tube on the right, runs on batteries:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/gamma_soectrometer_IMG_4505.JPG

Of course that is very low power, but for a bit more power, and using a real TV muliplier:
https://panteltje.nl/panteltje/pic/sc_pic/

No dremeling, boards are OK when they work..

And old TV circuits.. if you want a few kV there was / is? plenty stuff to be found on ebay.
For my case, I am working on a 5W 24V to 4.5kV converter. Right now looking to use a flyback topology, with possibly usage of
CCFL transformer bobbins.

I am thinking about staggering the windings on 2 transformers, so the voltage across the windings will be lower, but still the
individual transformer needs to handle 4.5kV insulation (functional, not safety)

Due to the limiting power, it could also be tempting to use the capacitive doublers as listed elsewhere in the thread

My worry goes beyond the design, also about corona effects, which comes into play at +kV voltages. Potting is surely needed.

For a HV transformer, old TV transformers (from the CRT times) may perhaps be an option:
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&q=ebay+horizonatl+TV+output+transformer
4.5 kV diodes were used for focus in color TV sets...


For a flyback, my rule of thumb (I do not use El Tea Spice), is 1 V per turn for DC input.
So 24 turns primary for 24 V DC supply.
The flyback voltage is (70/12) * 24 = 140V positive pulse if positive DC supply.
To get a 4.5 kV pulse you would then wind 4500 / 140 is about 32, multiplied by 24 makes 768 turns.
This for an EI core running at about 15 kHz (math comes from building TV output stages).
768 turns is not a big deal..
Spreading the turns over a segmented coil former is a good idea.
If you want to use a voltage multiplier then less turns are needed, use a TV multiplier, those are \'potted\'
The 70/12 factor depends on the PWM on/off ratio of the drive you feed into the switch transistor.
I use Microchip PICs for that, it has a PWM unit., hardware comparators that can directly stop the PWM drive
for cycle by cycle current limiting, and ADCs to measure voltage and currents.
Maybe an old TV horizontal output transformer with build in rectifier / multiplier would do.
https://www.ebay.com/b/flyback-transformer/bn_7024744628
to adapt use 15 kHz and add 24 turns to the core primary?
...
:)

Maybe like this?
https://www.ebay.com/p/1692562663?iid=374326473542
plenty space for 24 turns thick wire, its a 30 kV DC out, so use less PWM ... or more primary turns
or whatever you can find... on ebay.

High turns ratios can have two problems: voltage breakdown in the
insulation, and winding capacitance limiting the flyback ratio. That\'s
where a C-W diode multiplier helps.
I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier

Old TV flybacks were pie wound to help with both problems. That makes
a hand-wound transformer yet nastier; Sloman would love to (have
someone else) wind that.
Pie wound, so that\'s adding on layers instead of across the bobbin?

There are some cool old parts from CRT TVs but we wouldn\'t use Ebay
parts for production. Even ISDN transformers are hard to get these
days. And most of our boards have a component height limit below about
1\".
I agree, Ebay does not work for production items :)

I\'ve gravitated to the classic C-W layout with all series strings of
caps. That\'s driven by the poorly-or-never defined C/V behavior of
available ceramic caps, which encourages their use at a small fraction
of rated voltage.
In any case for the C-W multiplier to work properly, the charging of the caps needs to be kept low.

There are lots of cute flyback controller chips that do peak current
limiting control.

I am using a microcontroller. Microcontroller and kV design does not sound good, right?
I don\'t know how much voltage we dare generate on a regular PCB
without coating or potting. I\'m guessing that 1KV is safe and I know
that 7KV isn\'t.
Potting or conformal coating is probably needed to avoid carbonization of PCB surface.
how about something crazy, a car ignition coil? ratio about 1:100, isolation good for +20kV
coil-on-plug can be pretty small, if you need access to both ends of the secondary a dual output coil for wasted spark has that
These are used for old style flash:

https://www.aliexpress.us/item/32521417603.html?gatewayAdapt=4itemAdapt

coilcraft have some ccfl transformers, but the isolation rating is quite a bit lower than your 4.5kV

https://www.coilcraft.com/en-us/products/transformers/power-transformers/ccfl-transformers/fl/
 
On Fri, 29 Sep 2023 09:16:40 -0700 (PDT), Lasse Langwadt Christensen
<langwadt@fonz.dk> wrote:

fredag den 29. september 2023 kl. 15.41.10 UTC+2 skrev Klaus Kragelund:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 23:09:44 UTC+2, Lasse Langwadt Christensen wrote:
torsdag den 28. september 2023 kl. 22.58.46 UTC+2 skrev Klaus Kragelund:
On Thursday, 28 September 2023 at 17:26:46 UTC+2, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 14:59:48 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 13:34:29 -0700 (PDT)) it happened Klaus
Kragelund <klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote in
903144ac-6642-4a3f...@googlegroups.com>:

On Wednesday, 27 September 2023 at 17:38:35 UTC+2, Jan Panteltje wrote:
On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 08:10:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <d3h8hitm54oie4gcl...@4ax.com>:
On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 11:44:57 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Wed, 27 Sep 2023 00:51:10 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <4bn7hit0n3rmcg855...@4ax.com>:

On Wed, 27 Sep 2023 05:14:49 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Tue, 26 Sep 2023 19:35:18 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <mf47hi15db7eq7mp2...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

Since I couldn\'t find a suitable flyback transformer, and I only need
500 volts at 10 mA, a flyback/C-W multiplier makes sense.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/aquzpawfn8mfmfsnx70ra/T875_HV_6.jpg?rlkey=vfs9pexa0rgyxpo7pg1grqlb7&dl=0

Do you still need C11 R8 in that circuit?

It doesn\'t need them to work, but there is a big high-Q ring when the
fet turns off, and the RC damps it. It would reduce radiated EMI. And
it speeds up the simulation some.

Did you scope that?

All Spice now. I\'ll build it when the customer gets serious.

There is a load of capacitance hanging from the MOSFET drain in that flyback multiplier ciruit
I would expect it to damp RF oscillations but could be wrong...
HV diodes have capacitance too..

The real circuit will have a lot of inductances too, what with those
long strings of parts. It needs to be built and tested. Dremeled, to
start.

Here\'s an old auto-flyback C-W miltiplier prototype. I think that was
1400 volts. Worked fine.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/yd19osiwz1z74s4/HV_Proto_2.JPG?rsw=1
Yea,
I did a PMT supply this way:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_with_regulator_img_3175.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_HV_supply_componet_side_img_3180.jpg
http://panteltje.nl/pub/PMT_regulated_power_supply_diagram_img_3182.jpg

It has been in use now for many years, sits with PMT in the cardboard tube on the right, runs on batteries:
http://panteltje.nl/pub/gamma_soectrometer_IMG_4505.JPG

Of course that is very low power, but for a bit more power, and using a real TV muliplier:
https://panteltje.nl/panteltje/pic/sc_pic/

No dremeling, boards are OK when they work..

And old TV circuits.. if you want a few kV there was / is? plenty stuff to be found on ebay.
For my case, I am working on a 5W 24V to 4.5kV converter. Right now looking to use a flyback topology, with possibly usage of
CCFL transformer bobbins.

I am thinking about staggering the windings on 2 transformers, so the voltage across the windings will be lower, but still the
individual transformer needs to handle 4.5kV insulation (functional, not safety)

Due to the limiting power, it could also be tempting to use the capacitive doublers as listed elsewhere in the thread

My worry goes beyond the design, also about corona effects, which comes into play at +kV voltages. Potting is surely needed.

For a HV transformer, old TV transformers (from the CRT times) may perhaps be an option:
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&q=ebay+horizonatl+TV+output+transformer
4.5 kV diodes were used for focus in color TV sets...


For a flyback, my rule of thumb (I do not use El Tea Spice), is 1 V per turn for DC input.
So 24 turns primary for 24 V DC supply.
The flyback voltage is (70/12) * 24 = 140V positive pulse if positive DC supply.
To get a 4.5 kV pulse you would then wind 4500 / 140 is about 32, multiplied by 24 makes 768 turns.
This for an EI core running at about 15 kHz (math comes from building TV output stages).
768 turns is not a big deal..
Spreading the turns over a segmented coil former is a good idea.
If you want to use a voltage multiplier then less turns are needed, use a TV multiplier, those are \'potted\'
The 70/12 factor depends on the PWM on/off ratio of the drive you feed into the switch transistor.
I use Microchip PICs for that, it has a PWM unit., hardware comparators that can directly stop the PWM drive
for cycle by cycle current limiting, and ADCs to measure voltage and currents.
Maybe an old TV horizontal output transformer with build in rectifier / multiplier would do.
https://www.ebay.com/b/flyback-transformer/bn_7024744628
to adapt use 15 kHz and add 24 turns to the core primary?
...
:)

Maybe like this?
https://www.ebay.com/p/1692562663?iid=374326473542
plenty space for 24 turns thick wire, its a 30 kV DC out, so use less PWM ... or more primary turns
or whatever you can find... on ebay.

High turns ratios can have two problems: voltage breakdown in the
insulation, and winding capacitance limiting the flyback ratio. That\'s
where a C-W diode multiplier helps.
I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier

Old TV flybacks were pie wound to help with both problems. That makes
a hand-wound transformer yet nastier; Sloman would love to (have
someone else) wind that.
Pie wound, so that\'s adding on layers instead of across the bobbin?

There are some cool old parts from CRT TVs but we wouldn\'t use Ebay
parts for production. Even ISDN transformers are hard to get these
days. And most of our boards have a component height limit below about
1\".
I agree, Ebay does not work for production items :)

I\'ve gravitated to the classic C-W layout with all series strings of
caps. That\'s driven by the poorly-or-never defined C/V behavior of
available ceramic caps, which encourages their use at a small fraction
of rated voltage.
In any case for the C-W multiplier to work properly, the charging of the caps needs to be kept low.

There are lots of cute flyback controller chips that do peak current
limiting control.

I am using a microcontroller. Microcontroller and kV design does not sound good, right?
I don\'t know how much voltage we dare generate on a regular PCB
without coating or potting. I\'m guessing that 1KV is safe and I know
that 7KV isn\'t.
Potting or conformal coating is probably needed to avoid carbonization of PCB surface.
how about something crazy, a car ignition coil? ratio about 1:100, isolation good for +20kV
coil-on-plug can be pretty small, if you need access to both ends of the secondary a dual output coil for wasted spark has that
These are used for old style flash:

https://www.aliexpress.us/item/32521417603.html?gatewayAdapt=4itemAdapt

coilcraft have some ccfl transformers, but the isolation rating is quite a bit lower than your 4.5kV

https://www.coilcraft.com/en-us/products/transformers/power-transformers/ccfl-transformers/fl/

NRND, another dying technology.
 
On Fri, 29 Sep 2023 01:53:09 -0700 (PDT), whit3rd <whit3rd@gmail.com>
wrote:

On Thursday, September 28, 2023 at 7:09:27?PM UTC-7, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 13:58:40 -0700 (PDT), Klaus Kragelund
klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote:

I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier
No, the C-W multiplier isn\'t good for pulsing. Ixys has a 4700 volt
mosfet. A C-W multiplier could make the HV.

Maybe use a Marx generator? With medium-high voltage mos or SiC fets?

Not usually a great idea; at HV, the best switch is photo-SCR.

Should work, but might be too slow for some applications. It is a nice
idea to make high-current HV pulses. Six of these maybe:

https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/vishay-semiconductor-opto-division/VOT8125AB-V/9843471

One can use SSRs to make a Marx generator, but they are slow.

The Zetex avalanche transistors are cool but expensive.

A C-W multiplier followed by some switch makes more sense.

It takes a while to turn off, which limits your pulse rate somewhat.
Turn-ON and HV tolerance is spectacularly good, though.
Triggered spark gaps (krytron, anyone?) work a treat, too.

I have a Krytron, a beautiful piece of glass. Los Alamos sold it from
their surplus outlet by mistake.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/mdqw9pod98zjutd/Kry_Box.jpg?raw=1

https://www.dropbox.com/s/7vkdemdk48k3myd/Kry_Danger.jpg?raw=1

https://www.dropbox.com/s/i2hhyvouro59c6l/Kry_Guts.jpg?raw=1

That will switch 4KV and 500 amps, 2 megawatts. And it\'s the tiniest
of Krytrons. I don\'t think they are used in gadgets these days.
 
On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <jl@997arbor.com>
wrote:

This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

OK, this has become sort of a background hobby, waiting on the
customer to get serious.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/60nb1pcrnl17c07tk8xeu/T875_HV_9.jpg?rlkey=9uv466edcuvddmjldgepcyi0u&raw=1

All the caps are a part that we have, 100nF 630 volts 1812. Of course
the capacitance plummets as voltage goes up, so the Spice values have
to be adjusted appropriately. C is only 20nF at 500 volts.

The RCD snubber is nice. It softens the rise at the fet drain and
dissipates less power than a simple RC that damps ringing about the
same.

10 ms of sim runs in about 30 seconds on a wimpy laptop, which is
tolerable.

I just got four new monster Win11 machines which should be blinding
fast with Spice. We\'re setting up one to look and behave sensibly (ie,
like Win7 did) and will clone the other three when I\'m happy with
that.

We did manage to get the PADS pcb programs to install. That\'s always
an adventure.

Windows keeps getting worse. It has become an ad+annoy vehicle for
Microsoft. At boot time, the home screen is a full-screen ad for Edge
that won\'t go away. Explorer drag-and-drop is insane. Screen capture
is insane.

I can\'t make Irfanview the default image viewer. Another annoyance.
 
On a sunny day (Sat, 30 Sep 2023 12:10:06 -0700) it happened John Larkin
<jl@997arbor.com> wrote in <2grghi1vnnsmrkbclipkjceu9r8t70c28l@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <jl@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

OK, this has become sort of a background hobby, waiting on the
customer to get serious.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/60nb1pcrnl17c07tk8xeu/T875_HV_9.jpg?rlkey=9uv466edcuvddmjldgepcyi0u&raw=1

All the caps are a part that we have, 100nF 630 volts 1812. Of course
the capacitance plummets as voltage goes up, so the Spice values have
to be adjusted appropriately. C is only 20nF at 500 volts.

That much really? Th big caps I use do not change at all I think?

The RCD snubber is nice. It softens the rise at the fet drain and
dissipates less power than a simple RC that damps ringing about the
same.

Nice, it delivers power back to the supply line :)


10 ms of sim runs in about 30 seconds on a wimpy laptop, which is
tolerable.

I just got four new monster Win11 machines which should be blinding
fast with Spice. We\'re setting up one to look and behave sensibly (ie,
like Win7 did) and will clone the other three when I\'m happy with
that.

We did manage to get the PADS pcb programs to install. That\'s always
an adventure.

Windows keeps getting worse.

I have double glass windows :)
Linux, even on a small computah like Raspberry Pi4 8 GB is simple and OK, posting this from one.
Network access? Just 1 Huawei 4G USB stick, I pay 32 Euro (about the same in dollies) a month for 10 GB limited 4G internet.
Works everywhere in Europe?, plug USB stick in my laptop and I am online.
Much safer than WiFi from some place.
As to Raspberries.. in the upcoming version Pi5 removing he analog audio output jack they did
was a bad idea, not enough USB sockets, now you always need an USB hub if you want to do anything?
changing the I/O chip requires you to re-write all your I/O based stuff? (not the first time they did that).
Maybe China can come up with a better small computah.




It has become an ad+annoy vehicle for
Microsoft. At boot time, the home screen is a full-screen ad for Edge
that won\'t go away. Explorer drag-and-drop is insane. Screen capture
is insane.

I can\'t make Irfanview the default image viewer. Another annoyance.
 
On Sun, 01 Oct 2023 05:31:31 GMT, Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid>
wrote:

On a sunny day (Sat, 30 Sep 2023 12:10:06 -0700) it happened John Larkin
jl@997arbor.com> wrote in <2grghi1vnnsmrkbclipkjceu9r8t70c28l@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <jl@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

OK, this has become sort of a background hobby, waiting on the
customer to get serious.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/60nb1pcrnl17c07tk8xeu/T875_HV_9.jpg?rlkey=9uv466edcuvddmjldgepcyi0u&raw=1

All the caps are a part that we have, 100nF 630 volts 1812. Of course
the capacitance plummets as voltage goes up, so the Spice values have
to be adjusted appropriately. C is only 20nF at 500 volts.

That much really? Th big caps I use do not change at all I think?

I measured one.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/zrrount2a5s7k5bmqh4bu/C-V.jpg?rlkey=3so16njq8md4ccnm610a8mf49&raw=1

There are some big C0G caps around these days, but in this case I may
as well use the X7R in stock and let it do what it does.

It\'s fun to make an RC timing ramp from a Z5U or something. The
exponential curves UP.


The RCD snubber is nice. It softens the rise at the fet drain and
dissipates less power than a simple RC that damps ringing about the
same.

Nice, it delivers power back to the supply line :)

I didn\'t invent that, got that from a switcher textbook.

There are actually \"lossless\" snubbers that store the snub energy in
an inductor or a transformer and return it to the supply, but that\'s
overkill in a 5 watt supply.

The C-W multiplier actually clamps the mosfet drain to safe voltages;
an inductor doesn\'t have leakage inductance! (Or it has 100% leakage
inductance?) The snubber is there to damp the HF ringing and reduce
radiated EMI.

10 ms of sim runs in about 30 seconds on a wimpy laptop, which is
tolerable.

I just got four new monster Win11 machines which should be blinding
fast with Spice. We\'re setting up one to look and behave sensibly (ie,
like Win7 did) and will clone the other three when I\'m happy with
that.

We did manage to get the PADS pcb programs to install. That\'s always
an adventure.

Windows keeps getting worse.

I have double glass windows :)

I have to have two giant windows replaced; they fog up from failed
double-pane window seals. That seems to be chronic.

They have some internal coating that gets ugly once it gets wet.
Planned obsolescence. Absent that, they can usually be drilled to fix
the condensation problem.


Linux, even on a small computah like Raspberry Pi4 8 GB is simple and OK, posting this from one.
Network access? Just 1 Huawei 4G USB stick, I pay 32 Euro (about the same in dollies) a month for 10 GB limited 4G internet.
Works everywhere in Europe?, plug USB stick in my laptop and I am online.
Much safer than WiFi from some place.
As to Raspberries.. in the upcoming version Pi5 removing he analog audio output jack they did
was a bad idea, not enough USB sockets, now you always need an USB hub if you want to do anything?
changing the I/O chip requires you to re-write all your I/O based stuff? (not the first time they did that).
Maybe China can come up with a better small computah.




It has become an ad+annoy vehicle for
Microsoft. At boot time, the home screen is a full-screen ad for Edge
that won\'t go away. Explorer drag-and-drop is insane. Screen capture
is insane.

I can\'t make Irfanview the default image viewer. Another annoyance.
 
On a sunny day (Sun, 01 Oct 2023 07:08:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
<jl@997arbor.com> wrote in <4cuihitefaok29ca02dt12cdd0085og2f7@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 01 Oct 2023 05:31:31 GMT, Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Sat, 30 Sep 2023 12:10:06 -0700) it happened John Larkin
jl@997arbor.com> wrote in <2grghi1vnnsmrkbclipkjceu9r8t70c28l@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <jl@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

OK, this has become sort of a background hobby, waiting on the
customer to get serious.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/60nb1pcrnl17c07tk8xeu/T875_HV_9.jpg?rlkey=9uv466edcuvddmjldgepcyi0u&raw=1

All the caps are a part that we have, 100nF 630 volts 1812. Of course
the capacitance plummets as voltage goes up, so the Spice values have
to be adjusted appropriately. C is only 20nF at 500 volts.

That much really? Th big caps I use do not change at all I think?

I measured one.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/zrrount2a5s7k5bmqh4bu/C-V.jpg?rlkey=3so16njq8md4ccnm610a8mf49&raw=1

That is realy awfull!
Tt will likely create more ripple and less output.


There are some big C0G caps around these days, but in this case I may
as well use the X7R in stock and let it do what it does.

If the output stays in spec OK...


It\'s fun to make an RC timing ramp from a Z5U or something. The
exponential curves UP.

You could use that for frequency modulation, sort of a very big varicap...
Not very linear...


The RCD snubber is nice. It softens the rise at the fet drain and
dissipates less power than a simple RC that damps ringing about the
same.

Nice, it delivers power back to the supply line :)

I didn\'t invent that, got that from a switcher textbook.

There are actually \"lossless\" snubbers that store the snub energy in
an inductor or a transformer and return it to the supply, but that\'s
overkill in a 5 watt supply.

The C-W multiplier actually clamps the mosfet drain to safe voltages;
an inductor doesn\'t have leakage inductance! (Or it has 100% leakage
inductance?) The snubber is there to damp the HF ringing and reduce
radiated EMI.

CRT TV horizontal output stages are interesting, also have a \'tuning capacitor\'
so the flyback is tuned to some harmonic (third harmonic Fred?) of the drive frequency,
I experimented with winding several transformers for TVs I build.

This goes a bit into that, so no snubbers needed.
http://www.broadcaststore.com/pdf/model/793699/TT207%20-%205080.pdf
tv_horizontal_output_stage_operating__TT207-5080.pdf
see figure 6:
--------- --------
| | | |
-- --- ---
.
/ \\
----------- ------------ flyback tuned
 
On Sun, 01 Oct 2023 16:07:30 GMT, Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid>
wrote:

On a sunny day (Sun, 01 Oct 2023 07:08:02 -0700) it happened John Larkin
jl@997arbor.com> wrote in <4cuihitefaok29ca02dt12cdd0085og2f7@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 01 Oct 2023 05:31:31 GMT, Jan Panteltje <alien@comet.invalid
wrote:

On a sunny day (Sat, 30 Sep 2023 12:10:06 -0700) it happened John Larkin
jl@997arbor.com> wrote in <2grghi1vnnsmrkbclipkjceu9r8t70c28l@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <jl@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

OK, this has become sort of a background hobby, waiting on the
customer to get serious.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/60nb1pcrnl17c07tk8xeu/T875_HV_9.jpg?rlkey=9uv466edcuvddmjldgepcyi0u&raw=1

All the caps are a part that we have, 100nF 630 volts 1812. Of course
the capacitance plummets as voltage goes up, so the Spice values have
to be adjusted appropriately. C is only 20nF at 500 volts.

That much really? Th big caps I use do not change at all I think?

I measured one.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/zrrount2a5s7k5bmqh4bu/C-V.jpg?rlkey=3so16njq8md4ccnm610a8mf49&raw=1

That is realy awfull!

It\'s what ceramic caps do. Z5 types are worse. C0Gs are linear but
don\'t come in big values.

>Tt will likely create more ripple and less output.

I put in enough derated caps to do what I want.

There are some big C0G caps around these days, but in this case I may
as well use the X7R in stock and let it do what it does.

If the output stays in spec OK...


It\'s fun to make an RC timing ramp from a Z5U or something. The
exponential curves UP.

You could use that for frequency modulation, sort of a very big varicap...
Not very linear...

There are ceramic things that behave like varicaps. Some are
three-terminal, with the c-modulation pin being separate.

Varicaps are nonlinear too.

I think the nonlinearity of ceramic caps could be used to make a power
amplifier and maybe even an oscillator. Just for fun, probably not
practical. Certainly make a frequency multiplier.

High power NLTLs, shock lines, can use ceramic nonlinearity. Somebody
made a single slab transmission line like that.


The RCD snubber is nice. It softens the rise at the fet drain and
dissipates less power than a simple RC that damps ringing about the
same.

Nice, it delivers power back to the supply line :)

I didn\'t invent that, got that from a switcher textbook.

There are actually \"lossless\" snubbers that store the snub energy in
an inductor or a transformer and return it to the supply, but that\'s
overkill in a 5 watt supply.

The C-W multiplier actually clamps the mosfet drain to safe voltages;
an inductor doesn\'t have leakage inductance! (Or it has 100% leakage
inductance?) The snubber is there to damp the HF ringing and reduce
radiated EMI.

CRT TV horizontal output stages are interesting, also have a \'tuning capacitor\'
so the flyback is tuned to some harmonic (third harmonic Fred?) of the drive frequency,
I experimented with winding several transformers for TVs I build.

This goes a bit into that, so no snubbers needed.
http://www.broadcaststore.com/pdf/model/793699/TT207%20-%205080.pdf
tv_horizontal_output_stage_operating__TT207-5080.pdf
see figure 6:
--------- --------
| | | |
-- --- ---
.
/ \\
----------- ------------ flyback tuned

The horizontal output transistors are mostly obsolete. Some had
interesting properties. I used the c-b junction of one as a drift
step-recovery diode.
 
On Sunday, October 1, 2023 at 9:08:19 AM UTC-5, John Larkin wrote:
On Sun, 01 Oct 2023 05:31:31 GMT, Jan Panteltje <al...@comet.invalid
wrote:
On a sunny day (Sat, 30 Sep 2023 12:10:06 -0700) it happened John Larkin
j...@997arbor.com> wrote in <2grghi1vnnsmrkbcl...@4ax.com>:

On Sun, 24 Sep 2023 09:18:31 -0700, John Larkin <j...@997arbor.com
wrote:


This is pleasingly weird.

https://www.dropbox.com/sh/sif3efs69dxe1mg/AACY0RJGXl4k8CVvauUbJtYFa?dl=0

Sort of a baseline-boosted multi-auto-transformer voltage-doubler
flyback.

What\'s strange is that adding the two snubbers increases the LT spice
sim speed radically, about 10:1.

OK, this has become sort of a background hobby, waiting on the
customer to get serious.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/60nb1pcrnl17c07tk8xeu/T875_HV_9.jpg?rlkey=9uv466edcuvddmjldgepcyi0u&raw=1

All the caps are a part that we have, 100nF 630 volts 1812. Of course
the capacitance plummets as voltage goes up, so the Spice values have
to be adjusted appropriately. C is only 20nF at 500 volts.

That much really? Th big caps I use do not change at all I think?
I measured one.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/zrrount2a5s7k5bmqh4bu/C-V.jpg?rlkey=3so16njq8md4ccnm610a8mf49&raw=1

John, I have worked quite extensively with CW multipliers. Both series and parallel ones.
The nice thing about series multipliers is that the capacitors will see no more than the p-p input voltage.
So I don\'t think you high voltage ones except to use them at a lower voltage to improve capacitance.
Parallel multipliers are more efficient but do require the higher voltage ( at least on the final stage).

Good luck with your project and please post its progress here.Thanks.

There are some big C0G caps around these days, but in this case I may
as well use the X7R in stock and let it do what it does.

It\'s fun to make an RC timing ramp from a Z5U or something. The
exponential curves UP.

The RCD snubber is nice. It softens the rise at the fet drain and
dissipates less power than a simple RC that damps ringing about the
same.

Nice, it delivers power back to the supply line :)
I didn\'t invent that, got that from a switcher textbook.

There are actually \"lossless\" snubbers that store the snub energy in
an inductor or a transformer and return it to the supply, but that\'s
overkill in a 5 watt supply.

The C-W multiplier actually clamps the mosfet drain to safe voltages;
an inductor doesn\'t have leakage inductance! (Or it has 100% leakage
inductance?) The snubber is there to damp the HF ringing and reduce
radiated EMI.


10 ms of sim runs in about 30 seconds on a wimpy laptop, which is
tolerable.

I just got four new monster Win11 machines which should be blinding
fast with Spice. We\'re setting up one to look and behave sensibly (ie,
like Win7 did) and will clone the other three when I\'m happy with
that.

We did manage to get the PADS pcb programs to install. That\'s always
an adventure.

Windows keeps getting worse.

I have double glass windows :)
I have to have two giant windows replaced; they fog up from failed
double-pane window seals. That seems to be chronic.

They have some internal coating that gets ugly once it gets wet.
Planned obsolescence. Absent that, they can usually be drilled to fix
the condensation problem.
Linux, even on a small computah like Raspberry Pi4 8 GB is simple and OK, posting this from one.
Network access? Just 1 Huawei 4G USB stick, I pay 32 Euro (about the same in dollies) a month for 10 GB limited 4G internet.
Works everywhere in Europe?, plug USB stick in my laptop and I am online..
Much safer than WiFi from some place.
As to Raspberries.. in the upcoming version Pi5 removing he analog audio output jack they did
was a bad idea, not enough USB sockets, now you always need an USB hub if you want to do anything?
changing the I/O chip requires you to re-write all your I/O based stuff? (not the first time they did that).
Maybe China can come up with a better small computah.




It has become an ad+annoy vehicle for
Microsoft. At boot time, the home screen is a full-screen ad for Edge
that won\'t go away. Explorer drag-and-drop is insane. Screen capture
is insane.

I can\'t make Irfanview the default image viewer. Another annoyance.
 
On Friday, September 29, 2023 at 12:07:37 PM UTC-7, John Larkin wrote:
On Fri, 29 Sep 2023 01:53:09 -0700 (PDT), whit3rd <whi...@gmail.com
wrote:
On Thursday, September 28, 2023 at 7:09:27?PM UTC-7, John Larkin wrote:
On Thu, 28 Sep 2023 13:58:40 -0700 (PDT), Klaus Kragelund
klaus.k...@gmail.com> wrote:

I am driving a UV lamp, so I need to deliver a pulse. Possible with a multiplier, but doesn\'t make it easier
No, the C-W multiplier isn\'t good for pulsing. Ixys has a 4700 volt
mosfet. A C-W multiplier could make the HV.

Maybe use a Marx generator? With medium-high voltage mos or SiC fets?

Not usually a great idea; at HV, the best switch is photo-SCR.

Should work, but might be too slow for some applications. It is a nice
idea to make high-current HV pulses. Six of these maybe:

https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/vishay-semiconductor-opto-division/VOT8125AB-V/9843471

Ick; triacs, not SCRs, and you\'d have to wire-connect those input pins... I was
thinking more of fibers to a receiver with phototransistor, use PNP and NPN phototransistor to
make an SCR, bias it with a 9V battery at each node, so a single lamp flash can light
up all the nodes at once. That 9V pulse, of course, just goes to the gate of a REAL SCR.

This one seems thrifty, and does over a kilovolt

<https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/vishay-general-semiconductor-diodes-division/VS-25TTS16SLHM3/9467407>

The real advantage, though, of photoSCR is in the turnon dI/dt limit; it doesn\'t have any,
because it turns on full-area when lit. That takes more light than you\'d likely push through a fiber, however.
150 A/us is the limit you get for your $2.86
 
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