Simple POL module, what\'s with UL, CSA and CE approvals?...

  • Thread starter Klaus Kragelund
  • Start date
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Klaus Kragelund

Guest
Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ± 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ± 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ± 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus
 
On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 01:17:45 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
<klauskvik@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ± 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ± 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ± 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus

Those little 3-lead switchers are great. Most will also convert
positive to negative.

The XP SRH05 accepts up to 72 volts in.
 
On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 16:57:13 -0800, John Larkin
<jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 01:17:45 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
klauskvik@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ± 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ± 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ± 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus

Those little 3-lead switchers are great. Most will also convert
positive to negative.

The XP SRH05 accepts up to 72 volts in.

That one you specified has an input voltage of around 24V. Not much
to be unsafe about there. Less than 30V.
Maybe it doesn\'t catch on fire and burn the cheese cloth ?

It\'s just s simple buck converter.

If whatever you are putting it into needs a UL listing, then that spec
might or might not be necessary. Then again, you might be needing
some totally other spec to list to ?
 
On 04-12-2020 07:40, boB wrote:
On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 16:57:13 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 01:17:45 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
klauskvik@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ± 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ± 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ± 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus

Those little 3-lead switchers are great. Most will also convert
positive to negative.

The XP SRH05 accepts up to 72 volts in.



That one you specified has an input voltage of around 24V. Not much
to be unsafe about there. Less than 30V.
Maybe it doesn\'t catch on fire and burn the cheese cloth ?

Yes, if you use any component, it is not allowed to catch fire, so the
design is critical to be sound from the POL supplier side

Also, for approval one does single fault injection on a PCB. For
resistors that is open condition, caps closed AFAIR. So that also needs
to be done on the POL module

It\'s just s simple buck converter.

If whatever you are putting it into needs a UL listing, then that spec
might or might not be necessary. Then again, you might be needing
some totally other spec to list to ?
What do you mean by other spec?
 
On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 22:40:38 -0800, boB <boB@K7IQ.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 16:57:13 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 01:17:45 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
klauskvik@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ± 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ± 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ± 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus

Those little 3-lead switchers are great. Most will also convert
positive to negative.

The XP SRH05 accepts up to 72 volts in.



That one you specified has an input voltage of around 24V. Not much
to be unsafe about there. Less than 30V.
Maybe it doesn\'t catch on fire and burn the cheese cloth ?

https://www.xppower.com/portals/0/pdfs/SF_SRH05.pdf

Don\'t be a jerk. Nobody likes jerks.

It\'s just s simple buck converter.

Most 3-lead step-down converters are.

If whatever you are putting it into needs a UL listing, then that spec
might or might not be necessary. Then again, you might be needing
some totally other spec to list to ?

My customers build airplanes and ships and rockets and gigabuck
semiconductor fabs. They don\'t seem to care about UL or CE or FCC or
ROHS.



--

John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc

The best designs are necessarily accidental.
 
On Fri, 04 Dec 2020 08:10:48 -0800, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com
wrote:

On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 22:40:38 -0800, boB <boB@K7IQ.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 16:57:13 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 01:17:45 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
klauskvik@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ± 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ± 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ± 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus

Those little 3-lead switchers are great. Most will also convert
positive to negative.

The XP SRH05 accepts up to 72 volts in.



That one you specified has an input voltage of around 24V. Not much
to be unsafe about there. Less than 30V.
Maybe it doesn\'t catch on fire and burn the cheese cloth ?

https://www.xppower.com/portals/0/pdfs/SF_SRH05.pdf

Don\'t be a jerk. Nobody likes jerks.

Not sure why you said this ?

Cheese cloth is what UL and others use to measure flamability.



It\'s just s simple buck converter.

Most 3-lead step-down converters are.


If whatever you are putting it into needs a UL listing, then that spec
might or might not be necessary. Then again, you might be needing
some totally other spec to list to ?



My customers build airplanes and ships and rockets and gigabuck
semiconductor fabs. They don\'t seem to care about UL or CE or FCC or
ROHS.
 
On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 14:41:40 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
<klauskvik@hotmail.com> wrote:

On 04-12-2020 07:40, boB wrote:
On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 16:57:13 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 01:17:45 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
klauskvik@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ± 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ± 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ± 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus

Those little 3-lead switchers are great. Most will also convert
positive to negative.

The XP SRH05 accepts up to 72 volts in.



That one you specified has an input voltage of around 24V. Not much
to be unsafe about there. Less than 30V.
Maybe it doesn\'t catch on fire and burn the cheese cloth ?


Yes, if you use any component, it is not allowed to catch fire, so the
design is critical to be sound from the POL supplier side

Also, for approval one does single fault injection on a PCB. For
resistors that is open condition, caps closed AFAIR. So that also needs
to be done on the POL module

It\'s just s simple buck converter.

If whatever you are putting it into needs a UL listing, then that spec
might or might not be necessary. Then again, you might be needing
some totally other spec to list to ?


What do you mean by other spec?

Other UL documents or specifications to be listed to.

That would most likely depend on what UL specification your product is
listed to

For instance, we certify a lot of our stuff to UL 1741
 
On Fri, 04 Dec 2020 10:23:18 -0800, boB <boB@K7IQ.com> wrote:

On Fri, 04 Dec 2020 08:10:48 -0800, jlarkin@highlandsniptechnology.com
wrote:

On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 22:40:38 -0800, boB <boB@K7IQ.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 16:57:13 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 01:17:45 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
klauskvik@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ± 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ± 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ± 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus

Those little 3-lead switchers are great. Most will also convert
positive to negative.

The XP SRH05 accepts up to 72 volts in.



That one you specified has an input voltage of around 24V. Not much
to be unsafe about there. Less than 30V.
Maybe it doesn\'t catch on fire and burn the cheese cloth ?

https://www.xppower.com/portals/0/pdfs/SF_SRH05.pdf

Don\'t be a jerk. Nobody likes jerks.

Not sure why you said this ?

Seems like you were disputing the 72 volt rating on the XP part. Maybe
not.

Cheese cloth is what UL and others use to measure flamability.

I thermal image boards and then measure surface temperature of
anything that looks hot.




--

John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc

The best designs are necessarily accidental.
 
On Friday, December 4, 2020 at 1:23:27 PM UTC-5, boB wrote:
On Fri, 04 Dec 2020 08:10:48 -0800, jla...@highlandsniptechnology.com
wrote:

On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 22:40:38 -0800, boB <b...@K7IQ.com> wrote:

On Thu, 03 Dec 2020 16:57:13 -0800, John Larkin
jlarkin@highland_atwork_technology.com> wrote:

On Fri, 4 Dec 2020 01:17:45 +0100, Klaus Kragelund
klau...@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hi

I am looking at POL module for a small run project

I stumbled across the CUI simple 3 pin module:

https://www.cui.com/product/resource/vxo78-1000.pdf

It is UL, CSA and CE approved

Reference to a lot of standards:

_____________________________________________________
safety approvals UL 60950-1
EMI/EMC EN 55032, EN 55024
conducted emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
radiated emissions CISPR22/EN55022, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-b)
ESD IEC/EN61000-4-2, contact ą 4kV, class B
radiated immunity IEC/EN61000-4-3, 10V/m, class A
EFT/burst IEC/EN61000-4-4, ą 1kV, class B (external circuit required,
see Figure 4-a)
surge IEC/EN61000-4-5, line-line ą 1kV, class B (external circuit
required, see Figure 4-a)
conducted immunity IEC/EN61000-4-6, 3 Vr.m.s, class A
____________________________________________________________

Ok. So it makes sense that it complies to for example EN 55032, which
deals with emission, because you want to be able to pass EMC when you
buy a POL module that you cannot modify in any way

Then there\'s a reference to UL 60950-1 which is a safety standard. This
is a non-isolated POL, so not much safety about that, besides it must
not catch fire in case of a short of the output or if 2 traces on the
PCB is shorted (single fault injection on PCB due to distances less than
the creepage requirements for ELV circuits)

Anything I am missing about the 60950 and the reason for complying to
that standard?

Looking further, this Torex module does not mention any standards:

https://www.torexsemi.com/file/xcl213/XCL213-XCL214.pdf

The Recom module is encapsulated, so is probably easier to approve,
since the potting makes the tests of shorts on the PCB void:

https://recom-power.com/pdf/Econoline/RFM.pdf

Thanks

Klaus

Those little 3-lead switchers are great. Most will also convert
positive to negative.

The XP SRH05 accepts up to 72 volts in.



That one you specified has an input voltage of around 24V. Not much
to be unsafe about there. Less than 30V.
Maybe it doesn\'t catch on fire and burn the cheese cloth ?

https://www.xppower.com/portals/0/pdfs/SF_SRH05.pdf

Don\'t be a jerk. Nobody likes jerks.
Not sure why you said this ?

Cheese cloth is what UL and others use to measure flamability.
Huh, I didn\'t know that. I like the little three terminal switchers too.
Wall wart with 24V out and you can make all sorts of voltages.
I tested a number (3 or 4) of the CUI\'s to destruction.
They all were fine with any resistive load... thermal and short circuit
protection. I didn\'t try big capacitors, or inductors.
They only way I broke \'em was with an over voltage.

Nice little units. I\'d like a negative one that takes -24 Vin and gives
-15V out at 1 amp. No one likes negative voltages these days. :^)

George H.
It\'s just s simple buck converter.

Most 3-lead step-down converters are.


If whatever you are putting it into needs a UL listing, then that spec
might or might not be necessary. Then again, you might be needing
some totally other spec to list to ?



My customers build airplanes and ships and rockets and gigabuck
semiconductor fabs. They don\'t seem to care about UL or CE or FCC or
ROHS.
 

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