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EDK : FSL macros defined by Xilinx are wrong

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Theo Markettos
Guest

Sat Nov 14, 2009 6:40 pm   



[Please note, followups set to news.groups]

The newsgroup comp.arch.hobbyist was created some years ago for the
discussion of recreational hardware design. The activity when it was
created was (for example) people wirewrapping their own microprocessor
boards at home, but the scope in the charter (below) is a bit broader than
that.

It was created as a moderated group because the community previously
inhabited alt.comp.hardware.homebuilt which was filled with off-topic posts
like 'How do I plug in SIMMs to my PC?'. That was probably a mistake, as
I'm not sure moderation was needed in comp.arch.*

Anyway, for some years the moderator has been AWOL and as a result the group
was been dead. So the Big 8 Management Board are currently seeing if
there's any interest in replacing the moderator, or whether the group should
be deleted.

Is there any interest in a newsgroup for non-commercial electronics/hardware
design? That might have a slightly different feel from, say,
comp.arch.embedded where the emphasis is on commercial development.
Hardware, software, FPGAs (and more) would be covered. It might not be a
particularly high-traffic group, as long as there are some people interested
in reading and posting.

If there's interest, the group is already carried by many news servers so
moderation just needs to be arranged - either on a simple automatic approval
system or, if manpower is available, with human moderators. I'm willing to
set this up if people think it's worthwhile. But I'm also happy for the
group to be deleted if no-one is interested.

So please followup to this posting (followup will go to news.groups not
comp.arch.* or sci.electronics.*) if you have an opinion.

Theo
(original proponent of comp.arch.hobbyist 1997-8)



Here's the official Moderator Vacancy Investigation posting (from
news.groups.proposals):

In news.announce.newgroups Alexander Bartolich <alexander.bartolich_at_gmx.at> wrote:
Quote:
MODERATOR VACANCY INVESTIGATION (MVI)
moderated group comp.arch.hobbyist

This is a formal Moderator Vacancy Investigation (MVI), begun because
moderated newsgroup comp.arch.hobbyist is not functioning, and may have
been abandoned by its moderator(s).

This investigation will attempt to verify the reasons for non-function,
and may result in the removal of the group or the selection and instal-
lation of a new moderator. In practice, the Big-8 Management Board
considers the third alternative--changing the status of the group from
moderated to unmoderated--as likely to cause more harm than good.

NEWSGROUPS LINE:

comp.arch.hobbyist Homebrew digital electronics design. (Moderated)

DISTRIBUTION:

news.announce.newgroups
news.groups.proposals
comp.arch.hobbyist

PROPONENT:

Alexander Bartolich <alexander.bartolich_at_gmx.at

CHARTER OF COMP.ARCH.HOBBYIST

A moderated forum to exchange ideas, techniques, problems, solutions,
and other information concerning the hobby of electronics design and
construction, specifically related to digital machines and their
peripherals.

Commercial advertisements (except when non-repetitive and directly
relevant to the topic of the group) are expressly forbidden; it is up
to the moderation group to make individual exceptions.

Binary postings in this group are unwelcome. No postings containing
10K or more of binary content will be accepted. Postings containing
less than 10K of binary content should only be used where no other
reasonable method is available to convey the information they contain.
All postings containing binary content of more than 10 lines or 300
bytes, whichever is the smaller, shall be forwarded to the daily
moderators for inspection in the same manner as articles from unknown
authors.

Posters wishing to post binaries that do not fit the above criteria
should upload this data to an FTP or WWW site and instead post a
pointer to that site. The binary regulations do not apply to the
posting of ASCII schematics.

A 'bot moderator will be used, which will reject articles by authors
who have not read the posting guidelines. Articles rejected by the
'bot will be forwarded to a group of three daily moderators for
review. These daily moderators will be appointed by a moderation group
of at least eight and at most twelve members who will decide on
moderation policy in general and the workings of the 'bot in
particular. Moderation will follow the scheme outlined below:

The 'bot:

- auto-approves articles that match all of these:
- known author
OR keyword/phrase in article
OR reply to approved article to the same set of newsgroups
- article with less than 300 bytes or 10 lines of binary
content, whichever is the smaller
- plain text, without markup encoding
- mails notification of non-approval to original authors,
without an attempt to circumvent spamblocks
- notification message explains moderation system,
and points poster to relevant posting guidelines
- sends non-approved articles to the daily moderators
- uploads non-approved articles to a WWW site, and
regularly posts a pointer to them
- scans for forged approvals and cancels


The daily moderators:
- individually check articles the 'bot rejected;
- if at least one of the daily moderators think the
article is on-topic, it gets posted
- if it is reposted, the original author is notified

The moderation group:
- appoints the daily moderators
- deals with group abuse that's not caught by the 'bot
- it has the power to bar persistent abusers by
unanimous decision for a period of up to
30 days at a time
- deals with long-term moderation policy
- is obliged to post details of all moderation group
decisions to the newsgroup
- if a moderation group member does not express an opinion
on a matter, then their silence shall not be taken as
supporting either side of a decision

Moderators of news.announce.newgroups and successor groups are
allowed blanket crossposting at their discretion.

RATIONALE:

Probe posts to this group resulted in bounces.

comp-arch-hobbyist_at_moderators.isc.org>: host
moderators.switch.ch[130.59.10.10] said: 550 Unrouteable address
(in reply to RCPT TO command)

HISTORY OF THE GROUP:

comp.arch.hobbyist is a moderated newsgroup which passed its vote for creation
by 199:15 as reported in news.announce.newgroups on 30 Jun 1998.

PROCEDURE:

Those who wish to comment on this moderator vacancy investigation should
subscribe to news.groups.proposals and participate in the relevant
threads in that newsgroup.

To this end, the followup header of this RFD has been set to
news.groups.proposals.

For more information on the MVI process, please see

http://www.big-8.org/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=policies:mvi

CHANGE HISTORY:

2009-10-29 Probe post bounced
2009-11-01 Moderator Vacancy Investigation


whygee
Guest

Wed Nov 25, 2009 11:27 pm   



-jg wrote:
Quote:
On Nov 26, 9:22 am, whygee <y...@yg.yg> wrote:
So... what's left ?
It's not clear exactly what you are asking ?
I'm asking for more ideas or methods Smile


Quote:
Epson, EM Microelectronic et al, have 32Khz osc
modules, that include the crystal.
all I have seen up to now at my usual sources

is the small crystals. Maybe I should dig more.
However, I'm looking at cheap lots of 50pc
from second hand/refurbishers etc.

Quote:
Maxim have one that is TCXO as well, and
if precision matters, then you will need txco.
The precision that I need is crystal-like,

but I fear that if I do my own circuit,
I can't tune it to reach it.
Compensation capacitors, track parasites etc.
can spoil the circuit unnecessarily.
So a canned osc sounds best.

Quote:
NXP PCF2129 is another candidate, but less stocked.
Never heard about this part...

I'll have to google it :-/

Quote:
MicroCrystal.com also have a range.
hmmm yet another new name for me Smile

<click>
wow, it looks expensive :-)

Quote:
Some tcxo's are fixes in time, not frequency, so
watch the details Wink
I'll watch them but what do you mean exactly ?


thanks,

Quote:
-jg
yg


--
http://ygdes.com / http://yasep.org

whygee
Guest

Thu Nov 26, 2009 12:17 am   



malcolm wrote:
Quote:
If this is for motion control,
it's likely the 40ns jitter and 5ppm of
my earlier example is fine...
By "motion control" I mean something similar to

Microchip's AN964 : "Software PID Control of an Inverted Pendulum Using the PIC16F684 "
http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=1824&appnote=en021807

So I think the jitter is not critical, but overall stability is desirable.
Commercial temperature range is OK.
But a cheap, long-term stable, pre-tuned oscillator for clocks/calendars
would have been good : it could keep track of time/date AND provide real-time signals :-)

Quote:
.. but in case it is not, if you are going to x4 the 25MHz anyway in a
PLL, then this can apply :
I've thought about this, since I target operation 100MHz in the digital domain.


Quote:
1-((1*(3051/100e6)+3*(3052/100e6))/4)*32768
ans = 2.56e-6
That's a complex computation, the PLL's dividers

are too small for division by 3051...

Quote:
ie from 100MHz, you get 2.56ppm, and 10ns jitter,
and any binary time under 32768/4, has no jitter
at all.

My last thought is that the 25MHz is not so critical.
I have other frequency requirements so other frequencies
are needed anyway. Power being proportional to frequency,
and serial communications (UART/RS232) are potential too,
I found that a 12.288MHz canned osc is a good compromise :
- 2x less toggles on the pins compared to 25MHz so (locally) lower draw
- I get 98.308MHz in the digital domain after 8x in the PLL
(it could even be dynamically changed from the PLL configuration register),
which is only 2% below the target (not a real loss).
- I get a stable 48KHz time base for sound (x256 for delta/sigma chips)
- and a good 32.768KHz base after division by 3*5*5*5.
- RS232 @ 38400 bps is OK, faster if some %err is possible
(a x3 in the PLL gets me to 230400bps)
- Some displays require 24.5454 in NTSC mode,
which is very close to 12.288*2=24.576MHz

For the 25MHz, I'll try to hook a pin of a nearby ENC28J60 module.
However it is risky (it will disturb the oscillator's stability
if i connect a wire to the crystal) and since I'm missing my digital
frequency target by only 2%, it's not a big issue.

Now, I'll have to find cheap lots of >50pc 5x7 oscillators from my usual
brokers. Too bad I have already found the 25MHz ones :-/
Yes, I try to cut costs in any reasonable way ;-)

regards,

Quote:
-jg
jg != malcolm ?


yg

--
http://ygdes.com / http://yasep.org

whygee
Guest

Thu Nov 26, 2009 12:47 am   



Hi Rick !

rickman wrote:
Quote:
I think you've covered all the bases given your apparently conflicting
requirements. Often engineering is a matter of determining an optimal
combination of all requirements, but sometimes it is a matter of
trading off one against the other so that neither is optimal, but both
are adequate.
Yeah, I remember reading a Usenet poster's signature along these lines

on comp.arch or something like that :-)

Quote:
So if you *must* use 25 MHz, then you need a 25 MHz
oscillator, not 24.576.
right.

I realised that the "stable" 25MHz is required by the 10BaseT interface,
which already has its own crystal.
For the rest, as written in my last post, the -%2 compromise
on digital speed is compensated by a better match in most other
interfaces so I won't complain. Well, except about availability
at very low prices ;-)

Quote:
That means you have to provide another
clock. If using a 32.576 kHz oscillator is too power consuming,
at least if I do it myself, because I'm not sure to do it right.

I have no atomic clock at home to help calibrate the capacitors :-)

Quote:
how do you expect to get this second clock? I don't see how a clock chip
would be any better than a 32.576 kHz oscillator. The clock chip
still uses a crystal.
I first thought about using an integrated external clock/calendar

but I don't know one that outputs its internal Xtal's output :-/

Using a 12.288MHz as a main and single clock looks like the best idea yet
but availability is an issue. I mean : outside of the "usual suspects"'s
distribution prices. I'll have to go harrass the brokers again :-D

_o/

Quote:
Rick
yg


--
http://ygdes.com / http://yasep.org

-jg
Guest

Thu Nov 26, 2009 1:45 am   



On Nov 26, 11:27 am, whygee <y...@yg.yg> wrote:
Quote:
-jg wrote:

The precision that I need is crystal-like,
but I fear that if I do my own circuit,
I can't tune it to reach it.
Compensation capacitors, track parasites etc.
can spoil the circuit unnecessarily.
So a canned osc sounds best.

Digikey shows 69 items for Oscillator[32.768Khz]
and 41 for stocked.

Quote:
Some tcxo's are fixes in time, not frequency, so
watch the details ;)

I'll watch them but what do you mean exactly ?

The DS32Khz TCXO, is probably your best choice, if you don't want to
use the 25Mhz (or need more precision).
(or the NXP ones, have more modern Vcc ranges, but not as easy to
get..)

These trim via a Cap on the Crystal, so the fix is in the frequency
domain.

Some RTCs that trim, somewhat 'cheat' and vary the dividers, so that
the average time-of-day is corrected, but NOT the 32Khz frequency.
For their intended use that's fine.. but probably not for using
alongside a FPGA.

-jg

whygee
Guest

Thu Nov 26, 2009 2:25 am   



-jg wrote:
Quote:
On Nov 26, 12:17 pm, whygee <y...@yg.yg> wrote:
So I think the jitter is not critical, but overall stability is desirable.
Commercial temperature range is OK.
But a cheap, long-term stable, pre-tuned oscillator for clocks/calendars
would have been good : it could keep track of time/date AND provide real-time signals Smile
If those last few ppm matter, you will pay for them...
sure... i'll go for the price first Wink

I have searched a couple of well known stores and the best
(and cheapest) I could find is 3x5 at about $2/pc.
If I want 50pc, my "pocket money" won't be enough :-)

Quote:
1-((1*(3051/100e6)+3*(3052/100e6))/4)*32768
ans = 2.56e-6
That's a complex computation, the PLL's dividers
are too small for division by 3051...
Not complex : You divide 100MHz by 3051 one out of 4 times, and 3 out
of 4 times, you divide by 3052. So that's just 12FF for the 3051/3052
counter, and 2FF for the 'which of 4? counter'
It seems that it's too demanding, the FF are not the whole story.

At 100MHz, I can only count on a depth of 5 or 6 gates with 3-inputs
(the target is A3P250), I would have liked a predivider at least...

A 12.288MHz main clock seems much easier, though software delays will be
impacted by the 1.7% decrease... What other trouble could occur when
the clock is slowed down a bit ? For the slow & precise measurements, I am fine
with the internal power-of-two timer, but what fast operations could go wrong
or simply be affected or impacted ? I/O timings are mostly specified with a
"minimum delay" so non-polled peripherals should be fine, communication
protocols are handshaked... No, I don't see what impact a reduction
from 100MHz to 98MHz could have on good software. Particularly if it
is meant for a CPU that could have an adjustable main clock.

The only effect is on ego (or marketing) because 100MHz is a "sweet spot"
and 98 looks more like a miss, even though static timing analysis
reports better than that. But who said that marketing was compatible
with engineering ?

Quote:
-jg
jg != malcolm ?
Wink My son grabs his gmail, and I don't always notice....
erf Smile


Quote:
-jg
yg


--
http://ygdes.com / http://yasep.org

-jg
Guest

Thu Nov 26, 2009 3:06 am   



On Nov 26, 12:17 pm, whygee <y...@yg.yg> wrote:
Quote:
malcolm wrote:
If this is for motion control,
it's likely the 40ns jitter and 5ppm of
my earlier example is fine...

By "motion control" I mean something similar to
Microchip's AN964 : "Software PID Control of an Inverted Pendulum Using the PIC16F684 "http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeI...

So I think the jitter is not critical, but overall stability is desirable..
Commercial temperature range is OK.
But a cheap, long-term stable, pre-tuned oscillator for clocks/calendars
would have been good : it could keep track of time/date AND provide real-time signals Smile

If those last few ppm matter, you will pay for them...

Quote:
1-((1*(3051/100e6)+3*(3052/100e6))/4)*32768
ans = 2.56e-6

That's a complex computation, the PLL's dividers
are too small for division by 3051...

Not complex : You divide 100MHz by 3051 one out of 4 times, and 3 out
of 4 times, you divide by 3052. So that's just 12FF for the 3051/3052
counter, and 2FF for the
'which of 4? counter'


Quote:
-jg

jg != malcolm ?

Wink My son grabs his gmail, and I don't always notice....

-jg

-jg
Guest

Fri Dec 11, 2009 2:10 am   



On Dec 11, 6:41 am, rickman <arius....@gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Dec 4, 6:39 am, "Nial Stewart"

nial*REMOVE_TH...@nialstewartdevelopments.co.uk> wrote:
FPGA design using a PCB layout tool is a recipe for disaster.

Indeed, I think they're wasting their time down this path.

What is good is the ability to pin/netlist swap when routing and pass
that back to the FPGA constraints. They should concentrate on this and making it
as flexible as possible but forget the FPGA development side of things.


Yes, it should be relatively easy to verify a pin mapping match.
That needs little intelligence, or groundwork, on the PCB side.

Quote:

Is the tool FPGA pin type aware?  I have found some layout people
don't like to swap pins on FPGAs because it can be very complex due to
the many constraints on pin capability.  If the tool is aware of these
limitations, it could help with intelligent swapping.

There are degrees of awareness, and effort :

Pinswap is the simplest, and that requires a symbol definition that
groups pins as swapable.
Here, the bus stays on a Pin-group, but the bit-destinations swap to
reduce vias.

Hopefully, this should have minimal risk of not
rerouting in the FPGA post-swap.

Next step is possible bank/Pin swap, which is more work, and more risk
(so is less commonly done)

Here, you must define both pin swap and bank swap symbols (which may
include VccIO caveats)

Most companies would avoid this, by first looking at
what banks 'make most sense' to choose, using that venerable tool :
The MK-I eyeball :)

Note that Actual FPGA place and route, is usually done by the Chip
Vendors tools, so calling a PCB package a 'FPGA Development System',
has much more to do with marketing, than engineering reality.

-jg

laserbeak43
Guest

Sat Dec 12, 2009 3:04 am   



interesting. I'll try a chipscope demo...

Thanks

On Dec 9, 6:48 am, Martin Thompson <martin.j.thomp...@trw.com> wrote:
Quote:
Andy Peters <goo...@latke.net> writes:
On Dec 7, 6:26 am, Martin Thompson <martin.j.thomp...@trw.com> wrote:
laserbeak43 <laserbea...@gmail.com> writes:
Hello,
    I've just been shownSignaltap, A feature inQuartusWebpack
Edition. Does the Webpack Edition of ISE have this feature? WOW this
alone can convince me to use Altera products.

Chipscope is theXilinxequivalent - it's not in webpack (personally, I
think that's a mistake onXilinx'spart)

But comparing it toSignaltapmay (IMHO) leave you underwhelmed... it's
very disjointed and unintegrated in comparison.  I'm still using FPGA
editor to change which signals to monitor, then having to update the
viewer by hand! V. tedious.

Really? Whatversionof ChipScope are you using?

10.1.3



Use the ChipScope Core Inserter.

Indeed, I could (and have in the past), but

a) I'm using the EDK variety of core inserter, as it manages the JTAG
linkages with the microblaze debug module for me

b) I then have to run MAP, PAR, bitgen again.

All of the signals and elements of
the design are shown in it, and you simply choose the signals to
monitor. After you close the Inserter, go back to ISE, and re-fit.

Re-fit - 10s of minutes.

From the ChipScope viewer, you can reconfigure the FPGA, then do an
"Import" which lets you bring in the names of all of the signals you
selected from the ChipScope Core Inserter project file.

No need to go into the FPGA editor at all!

FPGAeditor, regenerate bitstream, 10s of seconds...  Then click "write
CDC" button, import the result into the analyser.  Still tedious :)

As I recall my experience withSignalTap(which was a while ago
admittedly) I could select a signal from a dropdown list *in the
Analyser* and it would do the tedious hacking that I currently do in
FPGAed, regen the bitstream and upload it for me.

Under some circumstances, it would redo a fit at that point, which was
irritating, but at least I was able to do it all from the analyzer GUI,
which was then always in sync with the FPGA.

[Followups set to comp.arch.fpga, as it's not very Veriloggy]

Cheers,
Martin

Crosspost & Followup-To: comp.arch.fpga
--
martin.j.thomp...@trw.com
TRW Conekt - Consultancy in Engineering, Knowledge and Technologyhttp://www.conekt.net/electronics.html


laserbeak43
Guest

Mon Dec 14, 2009 1:20 am   



I can't even get this simple code to work in the inserter

module two_input_xor (
input wire in1,
input wire in2,
output wire out
);
assign out = in1 ^ in2;
endmodule


On Dec 9, 6:48 am, Martin Thompson <martin.j.thomp...@trw.com> wrote:
Quote:
Andy Peters <goo...@latke.net> writes:
On Dec 7, 6:26 am, Martin Thompson <martin.j.thomp...@trw.com> wrote:
laserbeak43 <laserbea...@gmail.com> writes:
Hello,
    I've just been shown Signaltap, A feature in Quartus Webpack
Edition. Does the Webpack Edition of ISE have this feature? WOW this
alone can convince me to use Altera products.

Chipscope is the Xilinx equivalent - it's not in webpack (personally, I
think that's a mistake on Xilinx's part)

But comparing it to Signaltap may (IMHO) leave you underwhelmed... it's
very disjointed and unintegrated in comparison.  I'm still using FPGA
editor to change which signals to monitor, then having to update the
viewer by hand! V. tedious.

Really? What version of ChipScope are you using?

10.1.3



Use the ChipScope Core Inserter.

Indeed, I could (and have in the past), but

a) I'm using the EDK variety of core inserter, as it manages the JTAG
linkages with the microblaze debug module for me

b) I then have to run MAP, PAR, bitgen again.

All of the signals and elements of
the design are shown in it, and you simply choose the signals to
monitor. After you close the Inserter, go back to ISE, and re-fit.

Re-fit - 10s of minutes.

From the ChipScope viewer, you can reconfigure the FPGA, then do an
"Import" which lets you bring in the names of all of the signals you
selected from the ChipScope Core Inserter project file.

No need to go into the FPGA editor at all!

FPGAeditor, regenerate bitstream, 10s of seconds...  Then click "write
CDC" button, import the result into the analyser.  Still tedious :)

As I recall my experience with SignalTap (which was a while ago
admittedly) I could select a signal from a dropdown list *in the
Analyser* and it would do the tedious hacking that I currently do in
FPGAed, regen the bitstream and upload it for me.

Under some circumstances, it would redo a fit at that point, which was
irritating, but at least I was able to do it all from the analyzer GUI,
which was then always in sync with the FPGA.

[Followups set to comp.arch.fpga, as it's not very Veriloggy]

Cheers,
Martin

Crosspost & Followup-To: comp.arch.fpga
--
martin.j.thomp...@trw.com
TRW Conekt - Consultancy in Engineering, Knowledge and Technologyhttp://www.conekt.net/electronics.html


Ed McGettigan
Guest

Tue Dec 15, 2009 2:33 am   



On Dec 13, 3:20 pm, laserbeak43 <laserbea...@gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
I can't even get this simple code to work in the inserter

module two_input_xor (
        input wire in1,
        input wire in2,
        output wire out
        );
        assign out = in1 ^ in2;
endmodule

On Dec 9, 6:48 am, Martin Thompson <martin.j.thomp...@trw.com> wrote:



Andy Peters <goo...@latke.net> writes:
On Dec 7, 6:26 am, Martin Thompson <martin.j.thomp...@trw.com> wrote:
laserbeak43 <laserbea...@gmail.com> writes:
Hello,
    I've just been shown Signaltap, A feature in Quartus Webpack
Edition. Does the Webpack Edition of ISE have this feature? WOW this
alone can convince me to use Altera products.

Chipscope is the Xilinx equivalent - it's not in webpack (personally, I
think that's a mistake on Xilinx's part)

But comparing it to Signaltap may (IMHO) leave you underwhelmed... it's
very disjointed and unintegrated in comparison.  I'm still using FPGA
editor to change which signals to monitor, then having to update the
viewer by hand! V. tedious.

Really? What version of ChipScope are you using?

10.1.3

Use the ChipScope Core Inserter.

Indeed, I could (and have in the past), but

a) I'm using the EDK variety of core inserter, as it manages the JTAG
linkages with the microblaze debug module for me

b) I then have to run MAP, PAR, bitgen again.

All of the signals and elements of
the design are shown in it, and you simply choose the signals to
monitor. After you close the Inserter, go back to ISE, and re-fit.

Re-fit - 10s of minutes.

From the ChipScope viewer, you can reconfigure the FPGA, then do an
"Import" which lets you bring in the names of all of the signals you
selected from the ChipScope Core Inserter project file.

No need to go into the FPGA editor at all!

FPGAeditor, regenerate bitstream, 10s of seconds...  Then click "write
CDC" button, import the result into the analyser.  Still tedious :)

As I recall my experience with SignalTap (which was a while ago
admittedly) I could select a signal from a dropdown list *in the
Analyser* and it would do the tedious hacking that I currently do in
FPGAed, regen the bitstream and upload it for me.

Under some circumstances, it would redo a fit at that point, which was
irritating, but at least I was able to do it all from the analyzer GUI,
which was then always in sync with the FPGA.

[Followups set to comp.arch.fpga, as it's not very Veriloggy]

Cheers,
Martin

Crosspost & Followup-To: comp.arch.fpga
--
martin.j.thomp...@trw.com
TRW Conekt - Consultancy in Engineering, Knowledge and Technologyhttp://www.conekt.net/electronics.html- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

You didn't say what failed, but let me guess what they were.

1) Your simple code above doesn't have a clock so either nothing was
captured or it failed to insert because you didn't define a clock.

2) You tried to use the nets in1, in2 and out as the TRIGGER and DATA
sources and this failed. These net names become the PADs in the
design and can not be probed. You need to use the net attached to the
IBUF output for "in1" and "in2" and the net attached to the OBUF input
for "out".

This code would be a better simple design, using clock, in1_reg,
in2_reg and xor_reg.

odule two_input_xor (
input wire in1,
input wire in2,
input wire clock,
output reg out
);

reg in1_reg, in2_reg, xor_reg;

// Input Registers
always @ (posedge clock) begin
in1_reg <= in1;
in2_reg <= in2;
end

// Internal Registers
always @ (posedge clock) begin
xor_reg <= in1_reg ^ in2_reg;
end

// Output Registers
always @ (posedge clock) begin
out <= xor_reg;
end

endmodule

Gabor
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Fri Jan 22, 2010 12:08 am   



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-jg
Guest

Tue Feb 16, 2010 10:36 pm   



On Feb 12, 9:05 am, Weng Tianxiang <wtx...@gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
Hi,
I finally understand the reason when a flip-flops can be replaced by a
latch.
I saw the circuits before, but not realized what the basic reason was.
With the above paper, I now know that the technology is not a new, it
originated in 1980s.

Even earlier than that.

Just look at the relative sales volumes of the venerable 74373 vs
74374.
In all those cases, the latch is used to buy some extra setup time.

Anywhere you find an ALE pin, you find this principle, and that goes
back a LONG way.

-jg

Weng Tianxiang
Guest

Wed Feb 17, 2010 2:07 am   



On Feb 16, 12:36 pm, -jg <jim.granvi...@gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Feb 12, 9:05 am, Weng Tianxiang <wtx...@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi,
I finally understand the reason when a flip-flops can be replaced by a
latch.
I saw the circuits before, but not realized what the basic reason was.
With the above paper, I now know that the technology is not a new, it
originated in 1980s.

Even earlier than that.

 Just look at the relative sales volumes of the venerable 74373 vs
74374.
 In all those cases, the latch is used to buy some extra setup time.

 Anywhere you find an ALE pin, you find this principle, and that goes
back a LONG way.

-jg

jg,
I checked SN74LV374 TI's manual and couldn't find what you said: ALE
pin.

For time borrowing through a pipelined stages, Intel uses Domino Logic
which was not available until 2000.

Weng

glen herrmannsfeldt
Guest

Wed Feb 17, 2010 2:18 am   



Weng Tianxiang <wtxwtx_at_gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Feb 16, 12:36?pm, -jg <jim.granvi...@gmail.com> wrote:

Even earlier than that.

?Just look at the relative sales volumes of the venerable 74373 vs
| 74374. In all those cases, the latch is used to buy some extra
| setup time.

?Anywhere you find an ALE pin, you find this principle, and that
| goes back a LONG way.

I checked SN74LV374 TI's manual and couldn't find what you
said: ALE pin.

ALE is an output on, for example, many Intel processors. Address
Latch Enable, such that the address can be latched while the pins
are used for other purposes.

The 8085 shares the data bus with part of the address bus, for example.
With a 74S373 the address is available for decoding long before ALE
goes low.

-- glen

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